The protein kinase Mec1 (ATR ortholog) and its partner Ddc2 (ATRIP ortholog) play a key role in DNA damage checkpoint responses in budding yeast.Previous studies have established the model in which Ddc1, a subunit of the checkpoint clamp, and Dpb11, related to TopBP1, activate Mec1 directly and control DNA damage checkpoint responses at G1 and G2/M
Background Recent impressive advances in cancer immunotherapy have been largely derived from cellular immunity.The role of humoral immunity in carcinogenesis has been less understood.Based on our previous observations we hypothesize that an immunoglobulin subtype IgG4 plays an essential role in cancer immune evasion.Methods The distribution, abunda
Abstract In situ monitoring of endogenous amino acid loss through sweat can provide physiological insights into health and metabolism.However, existing amino acid biosensors are unable to quantitatively assess metabolic status during exercise and are rarely used to establish blood-sweat correlations because they only detect a single concentration i
Abstract Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating forest disease present worldwide.In this study we analyzed the effects of the invasion of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the major pathogen causing PWD, on the endophytic microbiome of adult P.pinaster trees.Wood samples from trees with different degrees of PWD disease were collec
As an important part of complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied to 9.5-4 igora vibrance treat a host of diseases for centuries.Over the years, with the incidence rate of human colorectal cancer (CRC) increasing continuously and the advantage of TCM gradually becoming more prominent, the importance